I-Glycerol, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-glycerin noma i-propane-1,2,3-triol

I-Glycerol, eyaziwa nangokuthi i-glycerin noma i-propane-1,2,3-triol, iyinhlanganisela yezinto eziphilayo ehlukahlukene futhi esetshenziswa kabanzi. Iwuketshezi olungenambala, olungenaphunga, oluqinile olunokunambitheka okumnandi. I-Glycerol i-hygroscopic, okusho ukuthi idonsela futhi ibambe ama-molecule amanzi endaweni ezungezile. Lesi sici siyenza ibe yisithako esibalulekile ezisetshenziswayo ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa izimonyo, imithi, ukudla, kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekelwa komuntu siqu.

Izakhiwo

I-Glycerol inesisindo sama-molecule esingaba ngu-92.09 g/mol. Incibilika kakhulu emanzini futhi inezinga lokubila elingu-290°C. Le nhlanganisela yaziwa ngokucwiliswa kwayo okuphezulu kanye nesimo sayo se-hygroscopic, esivumela ukuthi igcine umswakama ngempumelelo. Lezi zakhiwo zenza i-glycerol ibe yi-humectant enhle kakhulu, ekwazi ukugcina okuqukethwe komswakama emikhiqizweni ehlukahlukene.

Izindlela Zokukhiqiza

I-Glycerol ingakhiqizwa ngezindlela eziningana, okuhlanganisa ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali kanye nokukhishwa kwemvelo. Enye indlela evamile ihilela i-hydrolysis yamafutha namafutha, okukhiqiza i-glycerol njengomkhiqizo olandelanayo. Enye indlela yindlela yokwenziwa kwe-propylene, ehlanganisa izinqubo ezifana ne-chlorination kanye ne-oxygenation. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-glycerol ingakhiqizwa nge-saponification yama-triglycerides nge-sodium hydroxide, okuholela ku-glycerol kanye nensipho. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni ye-biodiesel ibe umthombo obalulekile we-glycerol, ikhiqiza njengomkhiqizo olandelanayo ngesikhathi sokuguqulwa kwamafutha emifino abe yi-transesterification.

Izicelo

Ukuguquguquka kwe-Glycerol kubonakala ezinhlobonhlobo zezicelo zayo ezimbonini eziningi:

Izimonyo Nokunakekelwa Komuntu Siqu: I-Glycerol iyisithako esibalulekile emikhiqizweni eminingi yezimonyo, okuhlanganisa ama-lotion, ama-cream, kanye nemikhiqizo yokunakekela izinwele. Isiza ukugcina umswakama wesikhumba futhi ithuthukise ukuthungwa kanye nokusabalala kwezakhi zokwakheka. Ngokusho kwe-Personal Care Products Council, i-glycerol isetshenziswa emikhiqizweni yobuhle engaphezu kuka-23,366, ngokuvamile ngamanani afinyelela ku-99.4%.

Imithi: I-Glycerol isetshenziswa njengesinyibilikisi, isithambisi, kanye ne-humectant emikhiqizweni eyahlukahlukene yemithi. Iphinde ibe yingxenye yamasiraphu okukhwehlela, amafutha okugcoba, kanye nama-suppositories. Ekusetshenzisweni kwezokwelapha, i-glycerol isetshenziselwa ukwelapha ukuqunjelwa kanye nokunciphisa ingcindezi yangaphakathi kwekhanda ezigulini ezinezimo ezifana ne-meningitis kanye nesifo sohlangothi.

Imboni YokudlaI-Glycerol isebenza njenge-humectant, i-solvent, kanye ne-sweetener emikhiqizweni yokudla. Isiza ukugcina ukuthungwa kanye nokuqukethwe komswakama ezintweni ezifana namaswidi, izinto ezibhakiwe, kanye ne-ayisikhilimu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, i-glycerol isetshenziswa ekukhiqizeni izithasiselo zokudla kanye nezinongo.

Ukusetshenziswa KwezimboniI-Glycerol isetshenziswa njengento yokugcoba kanye ne-antifreeze ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni. Futhi iyisici esibalulekile ekukhiqizweni kwezinhlobo ezithile zepulasitiki nama-resin.

Ulwazi Lokuphepha

I-Glycerol ngokuvamile ibhekwa njengephephile ukusetshenziswa ekudleni, ezimonyweni, nasemithini. Kodwa-ke, ingabangela imiphumela emibi emincane njengekhanda elibuhlungu, isiyezi, kanye nokuqunjelwa uma idliwa ngobuningi. Uma isetshenziswa esikhumbeni, i-glycerol ibekezelelwa kahle kodwa ingabangela ukubomvu noma ukulunywa kwabanye abantu. Ezisetshenzisweni zezokwelapha, ama-suppositories e-glycerol kanye nama-enemas avunyelwe ukusetshenziswa ngaphandle kwemithi kadokotela yi-US FDA.

Isitoreji Nokuphathwa

I-Glycerol kufanele igcinwe endaweni epholile, eyomile, kude nokukhanya kwelanga okuqondile kanye nemithombo yokushisa. Kubalulekile ukugcina isitsha sivaliwe kahle ukuze kuvinjelwe ukumuncwa komswakama kanye nokungcola. Ekusetshenzisweni kwezimboni, i-glycerol ivame ukufakwa ezigubhini noma ezitsheni ezinkulu. Imikhuba efanele yokuphatha nokugcina ibalulekile ukuze kugcinwe ikhwalithi nokuphepha komkhiqizo.

Izindinganiso Zekhwalithi

I-Glycerol ingaphansi kwezindinganiso zekhwalithi eziqinile ukuqinisekisa ukuhlanzeka kwayo nokufaneleka kwayo ezinhlotsheni ezahlukene zokusebenza. Izinhlangano ezifana ne-United States Pharmacopeia (USP), i-European Pharmacopoeia (EP), kanye ne-Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) zisungule iziqondiso zokukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kwe-glycerol. Lezi zindinganiso zifaka phakathi imininingwane yokuqukethwe kwe-glycerol, umbala, iphunga, okuqukethwe kwamanzi, kanye nokuba khona kokungcola okufana nezinsimbi ezisindayo kanye nezincibilikisi ezisele.

Ngamafuphi, i-glycerol iyinhlanganisela esebenza ngezindlela eziningi enezinhlobo eziningi zokusetshenziswa ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile. Izindlela zayo zokukhiqiza, iphrofayili yokuphepha, kanye nokunamathela ezindinganisweni zekhwalithi kuyenza ibe yisithako esithembekile nesibalulekile ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene.