Titanium Tetraisopropanolate (Ti(Oi-Pr)4)

Titanium Tetraisopropanolate (Ti(Oi-Pr)4), also known as Titanium(IV) Isopropoxide, is a versatile organic titanium compound with a wide range of applications in various industries. As a product expert, I will provide a comprehensive overview of Titanium Tetraisopropanolate, covering its chemical properties, production process, applications, safety considerations, and more.

Chemical Properties

Titanium Tetraisopropanolate is a transparent, colorless to pale yellow liquid with the molecular formula C12H28O4Ti and a molecular weight of 284.215 g/mol. It has a density of 0.96 g/cm³ at 20°C, a melting point of 14–17°C, and a boiling point of 232°C. The compound is highly sensitive to moisture and hydrolyzes rapidly in water, releasing heat and forming titanium dioxide (TiO2) and isopropanol. It is soluble in many organic solvents such as ethanol, ether, benzene, and chloroform.

Production Process

Titanium Tetraisopropanolate is synthesized through the reaction of titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4) with isopropanol in the presence of ammonia. The reaction mixture is then filtered to remove ammonium chloride, and the product is purified by distillation. The process can be represented as follows: TiCl4 + 4 (CH3)2CHOH → Ti(OC3H7)4 + 4 HCl.

Applications

Titanium Tetraisopropanolate has numerous applications across different industries:

Catalyst: It is widely used as a catalyst in ester exchange reactions, polymerization reactions, and condensation reactions. It serves as a Ziegler-Natta catalyst in the production of polymers such as polypropylene and polyethylene, providing high stereoselectivity.

Adhesives and Coatings: It is used to produce adhesives that bond metals to rubber or plastic. In coatings, it acts as a crosslinking agent, enhancing corrosion resistance and adhesion.

Material Science: It is a precursor for preparing titanium dioxide (TiO2) via sol-gel processes and is used in the synthesis of metal oxides and hybrid materials.

Pharmaceuticals and Chemicals: It serves as a raw material in the pharmaceutical industry and as a catalyst in organic synthesis.

Safety and Handling

Titanium Tetraisopropanolate is highly flammable and reacts violently with water, releasing toxic gases. It is corrosive to eyes, skin, and mucous membranes. Proper handling precautions include storing it in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area, away from moisture and heat sources. Personal protective equipment (PPE) such as gloves, goggles, and respirators should be used during handling.

Environmental Impact

While Titanium Tetraisopropanolate is not classified as highly hazardous to the environment, its hydrolysis products (e.g., TiO2) can accumulate in ecosystems. Responsible handling and disposal practices are essential to minimize environmental impact.

Conclusion

Titanium Tetraisopropanolate is a multifunctional compound with diverse applications in catalysis, coatings, adhesives, and material science. Its unique chemical properties make it an essential component in various industrial and research processes. When handled and stored properly, it can be safely used to achieve desired outcomes in its respective applications.