Sodium Propionate (C3H5NaO2), a white, crystalline powder with a slight odor

Sodium Propionate (C3H5NaO2), a white, crystalline powder with a slight odor, is widely used across various industries for its effective antimicrobial properties. It is highly soluble in water and slightly soluble in alcohol, making it easy to incorporate into diverse products.

Chemical Properties

Chemical Formula: C3H5NaO2

CAS Number: 137-40-6

Molecular Weight: 96.06 g/mol

Appearance: White crystalline powder

Solubility: Highly soluble in water (995 g/L at 20°C), slightly soluble in alcohol

pH Sensitivity: Effective in a wide pH range, with optimal activity in acidic to neutral environments

Stability: Stable under normal conditions but decomposes when heated above 285°C

Applications

Food Industry:

Preservative: Sodium Propionate is extensively used in baked goods, dairy products, processed meats, and cheeses to inhibit mold growth and extend shelf life. It is particularly effective in moist environments where spoilage is more likely to occur.

Flavor Enhancer: It can also be used as a flavoring agent in various food products.

Pharmaceutical Industry:

Antimicrobial Agent: Sodium Propionate acts as a preservative in pharmaceutical formulations, preventing microbial contamination in both topical and oral medications.

Therapeutic Use: It has been used therapeutically in veterinary medicine as a glucogenic substance for cattle and sheep.

Cosmetics and Personal Care:

Preservative: Sodium Propionate is added to lotions, creams, and other personal care products to prevent spoilage caused by mold and bacteria.

Industrial Applications:

Mold Inhibitor: It is used in the production of chemicals, dyes, and agricultural products to prevent fungal contamination.

Safety and Handling

Toxicity: Sodium Propionate is considered safe for consumption and topical application when used within recommended limits. The acceptable daily intake (ADI) is not restricted by the FAO/WHO.

Handling: While generally safe, avoid inhalation of dust and contact with eyes. Use appropriate protective equipment when handling.

Storage: Sodium Propionate is hygroscopic and should be stored in an airtight container in a cool, dry place.

Production Methods

Synthesis: Sodium Propionate is produced by reacting propionic acid with sodium carbonate or sodium hydroxide, followed by crystallization and purification processes.

Regulatory Status

GRAS Listed: Recognized as safe for use as a food additive in the U.S., EU, and other regions.

Pharmaceutical Applications: Included in the FDA Inactive Ingredients Database and accepted in nonparenteral medicines licensed in the UK and Canada.

Conclusion

Sodium Propionate is a versatile and essential preservative with applications across multiple industries. Its safety, efficacy, and regulatory compliance make it a preferred choice for extending the shelf life and ensuring the safety of various products.