Glycerol, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti glycerin kapena propane-1,2,3-triol

Glycerol, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti glycerin kapena propane-1,2,3-triol, ndi mankhwala achilengedwe omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ndi madzi opanda mtundu, opanda fungo, komanso okhuthala okhala ndi kukoma kokoma. Glycerol ndi yosalala, zomwe zikutanthauza kuti imakopa ndi kusunga mamolekyu amadzi kuchokera ku chilengedwe. Izi zimapangitsa kuti ikhale chinthu chofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana, kuphatikizapo zodzoladzola, mankhwala, chakudya, ndi zinthu zosamalira munthu payekha.

Katundu

Glycerol ili ndi kulemera kwa mamolekyu pafupifupi 92.09 g/mol. Imasungunuka kwambiri m'madzi ndipo imakhala ndi kutentha kwa 290°C. Chosakanizachi chimadziwika chifukwa cha kukhuthala kwake kwakukulu komanso mawonekedwe ake osakanikirana, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti isunge chinyezi bwino. Zinthu izi zimapangitsa glycerol kukhala humectant yabwino kwambiri, yokhoza kusunga chinyezi m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Njira Zopangira

Glycerol ikhoza kupangidwa kudzera m'njira zingapo, kuphatikizapo kupanga mankhwala ndi kuchotsa zachilengedwe. Njira imodzi yodziwika bwino imaphatikizapo hydrolysis ya mafuta ndi mafuta, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti glycerol ikhale chinthu chowonjezera. Njira ina ndi njira yopangira propylene, yomwe imaphatikizapo njira monga chlorination ndi oxygenation. Kuphatikiza apo, glycerol imatha kupangidwa kudzera mu saponification ya triglycerides ndi sodium hydroxide, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti glycerol ndi sopo zipangidwe. M'zaka zaposachedwa, makampani opanga biodiesel akhala gwero lalikulu la glycerol, ndikupanga ngati chinthu chowonjezera panthawi yosinthira mafuta a masamba.

Mapulogalamu

Kusinthasintha kwa Glycerol kumaonekera m'njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana:

Zodzoladzola ndi Chisamaliro Chaumwini: Glycerol ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri mu zinthu zambiri zodzikongoletsera, kuphatikizapo mafuta odzola, mafuta odzola, ndi zinthu zosamalira tsitsi. Imathandiza kusunga madzi m'khungu komanso kukonza kapangidwe ndi kufalikira kwa mankhwala. Malinga ndi Bungwe la Zogulitsa Zaumwini, glycerol imagwiritsidwa ntchito mu zinthu zokongoletsa zoposa 23,366, nthawi zambiri pamlingo wofika 99.4%.

Mankhwala: Glycerol imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chosungunulira, chotsekemera, komanso chonyowetsa m'mankhwala osiyanasiyana. Imapezekanso mu mankhwala a chifuwa, mafuta odzola, ndi ma suppositories. Mu ntchito zachipatala, glycerol imagwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza kudzimbidwa komanso kuchepetsa kuthamanga kwa magazi m'mutu mwa odwala omwe ali ndi matenda monga meningitis ndi sitiroko.

Makampani Ogulitsa ZakudyaGlycerol imagwira ntchito ngati chosungunulira, chosungunulira, komanso chotsekemera mu zakudya. Imathandiza kusunga kapangidwe ndi chinyezi mu zinthu monga maswiti, zophikidwa, ndi ayisikilimu. Kuphatikiza apo, glycerol imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zosungira zakudya ndi zokometsera.

Ntchito ZamakampaniGlycerol imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mafuta odzola komanso oletsa kuzizira m'mafakitale. Ndi gawo lofunikira kwambiri popanga mitundu ina ya mapulasitiki ndi ma resin.

Chidziwitso cha Chitetezo

Glycerol nthawi zambiri imadziwika kuti ndi yotetezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito muzakudya, zodzoladzola, ndi mankhwala. Komabe, ingayambitse zotsatirapo zochepa monga mutu, chizungulire, ndi kudzimbidwa ikamwedwa mochuluka. Ikapakidwa pakhungu, glycerol imalekerera bwino koma ingayambitse kufiira kapena kuyabwa mwa anthu ena. Mu ntchito zachipatala, glycerol suppositories ndi enemas zimavomerezedwa kuti zigwiritsidwe ntchito popanda chilolezo ndi US FDA.

Kusunga ndi Kusamalira

Glycerol iyenera kusungidwa pamalo ozizira komanso ouma, kutali ndi dzuwa lachindunji komanso magwero a kutentha. Ndikofunikira kusunga chidebecho motseka bwino kuti chisayamwitse chinyezi komanso chisaipitsidwe. Pa ntchito zamafakitale, glycerol nthawi zambiri imapakidwa m'mabokosi kapena m'zidebe zazikulu. Njira zoyenera zogwiritsira ntchito ndi kusungira ndizofunikira kuti zinthuzo zikhale bwino komanso zotetezeka.

Miyezo Yabwino

Glycerol imatsatira miyezo yokhwima ya khalidwe kuti iwonetsetse kuti ndi yoyera komanso yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Mabungwe monga United States Pharmacopeia (USP), European Pharmacopoeia (EP), ndi Food Chemicals Codex (FCC) akhazikitsa malangizo opangira ndi kugwiritsa ntchito glycerol. Miyezo iyi ikuphatikizapo kufotokozera za kuchuluka kwa glycerol, mtundu, fungo, kuchuluka kwa madzi, komanso kupezeka kwa zonyansa monga zitsulo zolemera ndi zotsalira zosungunulira.

Mwachidule, glycerol ndi chinthu chogwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zambiri chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana chifukwa cha makhalidwe ake apadera. Njira zake zopangira, chitetezo chake, komanso kutsatira miyezo yapamwamba zimapangitsa kuti chikhale chodalirika komanso chofunikira kwambiri m'mafakitale osiyanasiyana.