Aluminum Acetylacetonate (Al(acac)₃)

Aluminum Acetylacetonate (Al(acac)₃) is a versatile coordination compound widely used in various industrial and scientific applications. Below is a detailed description of its properties, applications, and preparation methods:

Chemical Properties

Molecular Weight: 324.31 g/mol

CAS Number: 13963-57-0

Physical State: White to off-white crystalline powder.

Solubility: Insoluble in water but highly soluble in organic solvents such as chloroform, toluene, and benzene.

Melting Point: 192–195°C.

Stability: Stable under normal conditions but incompatible with strong oxidizing agents. It is hygroscopic and should be stored in a cool, dry environment.

Applications

Catalysis: Aluminum acetylacetonate is widely used as a catalyst in polymerization reactions and organic synthesis. Its thermal stability and reactivity make it suitable for high-temperature processes.

Coatings and Ceramics: It serves as a precursor for ceramic materials and is used in the deposition of thin films via chemical vapor deposition (CVD). This makes it valuable in the electronics industry for creating insulating and conductive layers.

Pharmaceuticals: It is used as an intermediate in the synthesis of pharmaceutical compounds.

Cosmetics: In the cosmetic industry, it acts as a binding agent, enhancing the stability and texture of formulations such as creams, lotions, and powders.

Advanced Materials: It is used in the synthesis of high-purity aluminum-based materials for applications in advanced composites and nanotechnology.

Preparation Methods

Aluminum acetylacetonate is synthesized by reacting aluminum salts (e.g., aluminum chloride) with acetylacetone in a controlled environment. The reaction forms a chelate complex, which is then purified by recrystallization or sublimation. The process typically involves the following steps:

Dissolving acetylacetone in water and adjusting the pH to neutral using ammonia.

Adding an aluminum salt solution to the acetylacetone-ammonia mixture.

Filtering and washing the precipitate, followed by drying.

Purifying the product by recrystallization from solvents like benzene or methanol.

Safety and Handling

Health Hazards: Aluminum acetylacetonate can cause irritation to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. Prolonged exposure may lead to neurological effects.

Storage: It should be stored in a cool, dry place away from moisture and direct sunlight. Sealed containers are recommended to prevent hygroscopic degradation.

Toxicity: Limited toxicological data are available, but it is considered harmful if inhaled, ingested, or absorbed through the skin.

Quality Standards

High-purity aluminum acetylacetonate (≥99.0% purity) is often required for specialized applications. It complies with ISO 9001 and REACH standards, ensuring consistency and safety in industrial use.

In summary, Aluminum Acetylacetonate is a multifunctional compound with applications spanning catalysis, coatings, pharmaceuticals, and advanced materials. Its unique chemical properties and versatility make it an essential component in modern chemical and industrial processes.